Tyrosol, at the Concentration Found in Maltese Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Induces HL-60 Differentiation towards the Monocyte lineage

Tyrosol is a phenolic found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). In Maltese monocultivar EVOO, it was present at concentration of 9.23 ppm. The HL-60 acute myeloid leukaemia cell line, which can be differentiated to both monocytes and neutrophils, exposed tyrosol this analysed for evidence differentiation effects cytotoxicity. polyphenol induced 1.93-fold increase cellular oxidative activity (p-value 0.044) enhanced surface expression CD11b CD14. This indicates that induces monocytic-like differentiation. An RNA-seq analysis confirmed the upregulation monocyte genes loss neutrophil concomitant with bi-potential promyelocyte precursor moving down monocytic pathway. A cycle showed an accumulation cells Sub G0/G1 phase following exposure 5 days, coincided apoptotic necrotic markers. followed by death, unlike positive control PMA. selective cytotoxic effect therapeutic potential against leukaemia.